Random Access Memory (RAM)
Overview
Random-access memory (RAM) enables computers to access stored data. Like a computer's CPU, RAM is an integrated circuit with transistors and capacitors that enable and control the flow of electronic signals.
RAM allows computers to run programs. When a program runs, it needs to be able to access data at any given time. Different types of RAM allow computer programs to access data at different speeds. Many people find that more RAM improves speed, performance, and multitasking capabilities.
In any case, a computer's speed and software performance are related to a variety of factors including processor power, operating system, and hard drive space. Malfunctioning hardware and spyware can really slow down a computer.
Types
RAM has evolved tremendously over the last decade. Most types of RAM are classified as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM). The original SDRAM has evolved through new generations of Double Data Rate (DDR) memory. Unlike previous versions of SRAM, DDR RAM enables faster data transfer rates.
DDR2 and DDR3 memory are the most common types of memory available today. DDR3 memory can perform faster at a lower voltage. DDR4 RAM should be on the market in 2012.
How It Works
RAM allows computers to process instructions within a certain amount of time. When you execute a program such as a word processing tool, game, or Internet browser, your computer requires memory to keep tasks running smoothly and efficiently.
Certain programs require a substantial amount of memory. Large datasets and graphics-heavy applications tend to require the most memory. Otherwise, the computer could slow down, become choppy, or crash.
Every program uses RAM: antivirus programs, operating systems, and other basic utility tools. Your computer's task manager provides an indication of how much memory each program uses.
Shopping for RAM
The amount of RAM that you need depends on how you use your computer. If you play video games, watch lots of movies, and experiment with graphic design, then you likely need a substantial amount of memory. If you only use your computer to surf the Internet or perform basic word processing functions, then you will be fine with less memory.
Keep in mind that your computer only uses as much memory as it needs. If you have 8 GB of memory and you never use more than two gigabytes, then six gigabytes of RAM continuously goes unused.
Upgrades
If you find that your computer is running slow, you might want to consider a RAM upgrade. Many computers only allow a maximum amount of RAM, so double check your computer's specifications before you purchase any new dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs). If you are buying a new computer, you should check to see if your computer will allow future upgrades. If a computer with four gigabytes of RAM is expandable to eight gigabytes of RAM, then you can always buy more RAM in the future.
Keep in mind that you cannot upgrade DDR2 to DDR3 RAM. The type of RAM in your computer needs to remain the same. To change the type of RAM, you would need a new motherboard and an entirely new set of hardware configurations.
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